learning Thais language 3

Symbol	Name		Meaning
	Thai	RTGS
ฯ	ไปยาลน้อย	pai-yan noi	preceding word is abbreviated
ฯลฯ	ไปยาลใหญ่	pai-yan yai	et cetera
ๆ	ไม้ยมก	mai ya-mok	preceding word or phrase is repeated
๏	ฟองมัน, ตาไก่	fong man, ta kai	previously marked beginning of a sentence, paragraph, or stanza (obsolete)[2]; now only marks beginning of a stanza in a poem; now also used as bullet point[3]
๏"	องมันฟันหนู, ฟันหนูฟองมัน, ฝนทองฟองมัน	ong mun fan nu, fan nu fong man, fon tong fong man	previously marked beginning of a chapter (obsolete)
๐"	ฟองดัน	fong dan	previously used in same way as ong mun fan nu (obsolete)
ฯ	อังคั่นเดี่ยว, คั่นเดี่ยว, ขั้นเดี่ยว	angkhan diao, khan diao, khan diao	previously marked end of a sentence or stanza (obsolete)[2]
๚	อังคั่นคู่, คั่นคู่, ขั้นคู่	angkhan khu, khan khu, khan khu	marks end of stanza; marks end of chapter [2] or long section[3]
ฯะ	อังคั่นวิสรรชนีย์	angkhan wisanchani	marks end of a stanza in a poem[3]
๚ะ
๛	โคมูตร	khomut	marks end of a chapter or document[3]; marks end of a story[2]
๚ะ๛	อังคั่นวิสรรชนีย์โคมูตร	angkhan wisanchani khomut	marks the very end of a written work
฿	บาท	bat	baht

learning Thais language 2

Symbol	Name	IPA	Royal	Variants	Similar Soundnon
–	implied a	aʔ	a	u	u in "nut"
– –	implied o	o	o		oa in "boat"
–ร	tua ro *	ɔːn	on	orn	aun in "faun"; same as -อน
–รร	ro han *	ɑn	an	un	un in tun; same as -ัน
–รร–	ro han *	ɑ	a	u	u in "nut"; same as -ั-
–รรม	ro han with mo ma as closing consonant *	ɑm	am	um	um in "hum"; same as -ำ
–ว–	sara ua *	ua	ua	uar	ewe in "newer"
–วย	sara ua with yo yak as closing consonant	uɛj	uai	uay	uoy in "buoy"
–อ	sara o	ɔː	o	or, aw	aw in "saw"
–็อ–	sara o with mai taikhu	ɔ	o	o, aw	o in "not"
–อย	sara o with yo yak as closing consonant	ɔːj	oi	oy	oy in "boy"
–ะ	sara a	aʔ	a	u	u in "nut"
–ั –	sara a in mai han-akat form	a	a	u	u in "nut"
–ัย	sara a with yo yak as closing consonant	ɑj	ai		i in "hi"
–ัว	sara ua	ua	ua		ewe in "newer"
–ัวะ	sara ua	uaʔ	ua		ewe in "sewer"
–า	sara a	aː	a	ah, ar, aa	a in "father"
–าย	sara a with yo yak as closing consonant	aːj	ai	aai, aay, ay	ye in "bye"
–าว	sara a with wo waen as closing consonant	aːw	ao	au	ow in "now"
–ำ	sara am	ɑm	am	um	um in "sum"
–ิ	sara i	i	i		y in "greedy"
–ิว	sara i with wo waen as closing consonant	iw	io	ew	ew in "new"
–ี	sara i	iː	i	ee, ii, y	ee in "see"
–ึ	sara ue	ɯ	ue	eu, u, uh	u in French "du" (short)
–ื	sara ue	ɯː	ue	eu, u	u in French "dur" (long)
–ุ	sara u	u	u	oo	oo in "look"
–ู	sara u	uː	u	oo, uu	oo in "too"
เ–	sara e	eː	e	ay, a, ae, ai, ei	a in "lame"
เ–็ –	sara e with mai taikhu	e	e		e in "neck"
เ–ะ	sara e	eʔ	e	eh	e in "neck"
เ–ย	sara oe with yo yak as closing consonant	ɤːj	oei	oey	u in "burn" + y in "boy"
เ–อ	sara oe	ɤː	oe	er, eu, ur	u in "burn"
เ–อะ	sara oe	ɤʔ	oe	eu	e in "the"
เ–ิ –	sara oe	ɤ	oe	eu, u	e in "the"
เ–ว	sara e with wo waen as closing consonant	eːw	eo	eu, ew	ai + ow in "rainbow"
เ–า	sara ao	aw	ao	aw, au, ow	ow in "cow"
เ–าะ	sara o	ɔʔ	o	orh, oh, or	o in "not"
เ–ีย	sara ia	iːa	ia	ear, ere, ie	ea in "ear"
เ–ียะ	sara ia	iaʔ	ia	iah, ear, ie	ea in "ear" with glottal stop
เ–ียว	sara ia with wo waen as closing consonant	io	iao	eaw, iew, iow	io in "trio"
เ–ือ	sara uea	ɯːa	uea	eua, ua, ue	ure in "pure"
เ–ือะ	sara uea	ɯaʔ	uea	eua, ua	ure in "pure"
แ–	sara ae	ɛː	ae	a	a in "ham"
แ–ะ	sara ae	ɛʔ	ae	aeh, a	a in "at"
แ–็ –	sara ae with mai taikhu	ɛ	ae	aeh, a	a in "at"
แ–ว	sara ae with wo waen as closing consonant	ɛːw	aeo	aew, eo	a in "ham" + ow in "low"
โ–	sara o	oː	o	or, oh, ô	o in "go"
โ–ะ	sara o	oʔ	o	oh	o in "poke"
ใ–	sara ai mai muan **	ɑj	ai	ay, y	i in "I"
ไ–	sara ai mai malai	ɑj	ai	ay, y	i in "I"
ฤ	ro rue (short) *	rɯ	rue	ru, ri	rew in "grew"
ฤๅ	ro rue (long) *	rɯː	rue	ruu
ฦ	lo lue (short) *	lɯ	lue	lu, li	lew in "blew"
ฦๅ	lo lue (long) *	lɯː	lue	lu

learning Thais language

Symbol	Name		Royal Thai		IPA		Class
	Thai	RTGS (meaning)	Initial	Final	Initial	Final
ก	ก ไก่	ko kai (chicken)	k	k	[k]	[k̚]	mid
ข	ข ไข่	kho khai (egg)	kh	k	[kʰ]	[k̚]	high
ฃ	ฃ ขวด	kho khuat (bottle) [obsolete]	kh	k	[kʰ]	[k̚]	high
ค	ค ควาย	kho khwai (water buffalo)	kh	k	[kʰ]	[k̚]	low
ฅ	ฅ คน	kho khon (person) [obsolete]	kh	k	[kʰ]	[k̚]	low
ฆ	ฆ ระฆัง	kho ra-khang (bell)	kh	k	[kʰ]	[k̚]	low
ง	ง งู	ngo ngu (snake)	ng	ng	[ŋ]	[ŋ]	low
จ	จ จาน	cho chan (plate)	ch	t	[tɕ]	[t̚]	mid
ฉ	ฉ ฉิ่ง	cho ching (cymbals)	ch	–	[tɕʰ]	–	high
ช	ช ช้าง	cho chang (elephant)	ch	t	[tɕʰ]	[t̚]	low
ซ	ซ โซ่	so so (chain)	s	t	[s]	[t̚]	low
ฌ	ฌ เฌอ	cho choe (tree)	ch	–	[tɕʰ]	–	low
ญ	ญ หญิง	yo ying (woman)	y	n	[j]	[n]	low
ฎ	ฎ ชฎา	do cha-da (headdress)	d	t	[d]	[t̚]	mid
ฏ	ฏ ปฏัก	to pa-tak (goad, javelin)	t	t	[t̚]	[t]	mid
ฐ	ฐ ฐาน	tho than (base)	th	t	[tʰ]	[t̚]	high
ฑ	ฑ มณโฑ	tho montho (Mandodari, character from Ramayana)	th	t	[tʰ]	[t̚]	low
ฒ	ฒ ผู้เฒ่า	tho phu-thao (elder)	th	t	[tʰ]	[t̚]	low
ณ	ณ เณร	no nen (samanera)	n	n	[n]	[n]	low
ด	ด เด็ก	do dek (child)	d	t	[d]	[t̚]	mid
ต	ต เต่า	to tao (turtle)	t	t	[t]	[t̚]	mid
ถ	ถ ถุง	tho thung (sack)	th	t	[tʰ]	[t̚]	high
ท	ท ทหาร	tho thahan (soldier)	th	t	[tʰ]	[t̚]	low
ธ	ธ ธง	tho thong (flag)	th	t	[tʰ]	[t̚]	low
น	น หนู	no nu (mouse)	n	n	[n]	[n]	low
บ	บ ใบไม้	bo baimai (leaf)	b	p	[b]	[p̚]	mid
ป	ป ปลา	po pla (fish)	p	p	[p]	[p̚]	mid
ผ	ผ ผึ้ง	pho phueng (bee)	ph	–	[pʰ]	–	high
ฝ	ฝ ฝา	fo fa (lid)	f	–	[f]	–	high
พ	พ พาน	pho phan (tray)	ph	p	[pʰ]	[p̚]	low
ฟ	ฟ ฟัน	fo fan (teeth)	f	p	[f]	[p̚]	low
ภ	ภ สำเภา	pho sam-phao (sailboat)	ph	p	[pʰ]	[p̚]	low
ม	ม ม้า	mo ma (horse)	m	m	[m]	[m]	low
ย	ย ยักษ์	yo yak (giant)	y	y	[j]	[j]	low
ร	ร เรือ	ro ruea (boat)	r	n	[r]	[n]	low
ล	ล ลิง	lo ling (monkey)	l	n	[l]	[n]	low
ว	ว แหวน	wo waen (ring)	w	w	[w]	[w]	low
ศ	ศ ศาลา	so sala (pavilion)	s	t	[s]	[t̚]	high
ษ	ษ ฤๅษี	so rue-si (hermit)	s	t	[s]	[t̚]	high
ส	ส เสือ	so suea (tiger)	s	t	[s]	[t̚]	high
ห	ห หีบ	ho hip (chest)	h	–	[h]	–	high
ฬ	ฬ จุฬา	lo chu-la (kite)	l	n	[l]	[n]	low
อ	อ อ่าง	o ang (basin)	*	–	[ʔ]	–	mid
ฮ	ฮ นกฮูก	ho nok-huk (owl)	h	–	[h]	–	low