the Mr Bean

Saturday, March 12, 2011

learning Thais language 3

Symbol

Name

Meaning

Thai

RTGS

ไปยาลน้อย

pai-yan noi

preceding word is abbreviated

ฯลฯ

ไปยาลใหญ่

pai-yan yai

et cetera

ไม้ยมก

mai ya-mok

preceding word or phrase is repeated

ฟองมัน, ตาไก่

fong man, ta kai

previously marked beginning of a sentence, paragraph, or stanza (obsolete)[2]; now only marks beginning of a stanza in a poem; now also used as bullet point[3]

"

องมันฟันหนู, ฟันหนูฟองมัน, ฝนทองฟองมัน

ong mun fan nu, fan nu fong man, fon tong fong man

previously marked beginning of a chapter (obsolete)

"

ฟองดัน

fong dan

previously used in same way as ong mun fan nu (obsolete)

อังคั่นเดี่ยว, คั่นเดี่ยว, ขั้นเดี่ยว

angkhan diao, khan diao, khan diao

previously marked end of a sentence or stanza (obsolete)[2]

อังคั่นคู่, คั่นคู่, ขั้นคู่

angkhan khu, khan khu, khan khu

marks end of stanza; marks end of chapter [2] or long section[3]

ฯะ

อังคั่นวิสรรชนีย์

angkhan wisanchani

marks end of a stanza in a poem[3]

๚ะ

โคมูตร

khomut

marks end of a chapter or document[3]; marks end of a story[2]

๚ะ๛

อังคั่นวิสรรชนีย์โคมูตร

angkhan wisanchani khomut

marks the very end of a written work

฿

บาท

bat

baht

learning Thais language 2

Symbol

Name

IPA

Royal

Variants

Similar Soundnon

implied a

a

u

u in "nut"

– –

implied o

o

o

oa in "boat"

tua ro *

ɔːn

on

orn

aun in "faun"; same as -อน

รร

ro han *

ɑn

an

un

un in tun; same as -ัน

รร

ro han *

ɑ

a

u

u in "nut"; same as -ั-

รรม

ro han with mo ma as closing consonant *

ɑm

am

um

um in "hum"; same as -

sara ua *

ua

ua

uar

ewe in "newer"

วย

sara ua with yo yak as closing consonant

uɛj

uai

uay

uoy in "buoy"

sara o

ɔː

o

or, aw

aw in "saw"

็อ

sara o with mai taikhu

ɔ

o

o, aw

o in "not"

อย

sara o with yo yak as closing consonant

ɔːj

oi

oy

oy in "boy"

sara a

a

u

u in "nut"

sara a in mai han-akat form

a

a

u

u in "nut"

ัย

sara a with yo yak as closing consonant

ɑj

ai

i in "hi"

ัว

sara ua

ua

ua

ewe in "newer"

ัวะ

sara ua

uaʔ

ua

ewe in "sewer"

sara a

a

ah, ar, aa

a in "father"

าย

sara a with yo yak as closing consonant

aːj

ai

aai, aay, ay

ye in "bye"

าว

sara a with wo waen as closing consonant

aːw

ao

au

ow in "now"

sara am

ɑm

am

um

um in "sum"

sara i

i

i

y in "greedy"

ิว

sara i with wo waen as closing consonant

iw

io

ew

ew in "new"

sara i

i

ee, ii, y

ee in "see"

sara ue

ɯ

ue

eu, u, uh

u in French "du" (short)

sara ue

ɯː

ue

eu, u

u in French "dur" (long)

sara u

u

u

oo

oo in "look"

sara u

u

oo, uu

oo in "too"

sara e

e

ay, a, ae, ai, ei

a in "lame"

sara e with mai taikhu

e

e

e in "neck"

sara e

e

eh

e in "neck"

sara oe with yo yak as closing consonant

ɤːj

oei

oey

u in "burn" + y in "boy"

sara oe

ɤː

oe

er, eu, ur

u in "burn"

อะ

sara oe

ɤʔ

oe

eu

e in "the"

sara oe

ɤ

oe

eu, u

e in "the"

sara e with wo waen as closing consonant

eːw

eo

eu, ew

ai + ow in "rainbow"

sara ao

aw

ao

aw, au, ow

ow in "cow"

าะ

sara o

ɔʔ

o

orh, oh, or

o in "not"

ีย

sara ia

iːa

ia

ear, ere, ie

ea in "ear"

ียะ

sara ia

iaʔ

ia

iah, ear, ie

ea in "ear" with glottal stop

ียว

sara ia with wo waen as closing consonant

io

iao

eaw, iew, iow

io in "trio"

ือ

sara uea

ɯːa

uea

eua, ua, ue

ure in "pure"

ือะ

sara uea

ɯaʔ

uea

eua, ua

ure in "pure"

sara ae

ɛː

ae

a

a in "ham"

sara ae

ɛʔ

ae

aeh, a

a in "at"

sara ae with mai taikhu

ɛ

ae

aeh, a

a in "at"

sara ae with wo waen as closing consonant

ɛːw

aeo

aew, eo

a in "ham" + ow in "low"

sara o

o

or, oh, ô

o in "go"

sara o

o

oh

o in "poke"

sara ai mai muan **

ɑj

ai

ay, y

i in "I"

sara ai mai malai

ɑj

ai

ay, y

i in "I"

ro rue (short) *

rue

ru, ri

rew in "grew"

ฤๅ

ro rue (long) *

rɯː

rue

ruu

lo lue (short) *

lue

lu, li

lew in "blew"

ฦๅ

lo lue (long) *

lɯː

lue

lu

learning Thais language

Symbol

Name

Royal Thai

IPA

Class

Thai

RTGS (meaning)

Initial

Final

Initial

Final

ก ไก่

ko kai (chicken)

k

k

[k]

[k̚]

mid

ข ไข่

kho khai (egg)

kh

k

[kʰ]

[k̚]

high

ฃ ขวด

kho khuat (bottle) [obsolete]

kh

k

[kʰ]

[k̚]

high

ค ควาย

kho khwai (water buffalo)

kh

k

[kʰ]

[k̚]

low

ฅ คน

kho khon (person) [obsolete]

kh

k

[kʰ]

[k̚]

low

ฆ ระฆัง

kho ra-khang (bell)

kh

k

[kʰ]

[k̚]

low

ง งู

ngo ngu (snake)

ng

ng

[ŋ]

[ŋ]

low

จ จาน

cho chan (plate)

ch

t

[tɕ]

[t̚]

mid

ฉ ฉิ่ง

cho ching (cymbals)

ch

[tɕʰ]

high

ช ช้าง

cho chang (elephant)

ch

t

[tɕʰ]

[t̚]

low

ซ โซ่

so so (chain)

s

t

[s]

[t̚]

low

ฌ เฌอ

cho choe (tree)

ch

[tɕʰ]

low

ญ หญิง

yo ying (woman)

y

n

[j]

[n]

low

ฎ ชฎา

do cha-da (headdress)

d

t

[d]

[t̚]

mid

ฏ ปฏัก

to pa-tak (goad, javelin)

t

t

[t̚]

[t]

mid

ฐ ฐาน

tho than (base)

th

t

[tʰ]

[t̚]

high

ฑ มณโฑ

tho montho (Mandodari, character from Ramayana)

th

t

[tʰ]

[t̚]

low

ฒ ผู้เฒ่า

tho phu-thao (elder)

th

t

[tʰ]

[t̚]

low

ณ เณร

no nen (samanera)

n

n

[n]

[n]

low

ด เด็ก

do dek (child)

d

t

[d]

[t̚]

mid

ต เต่า

to tao (turtle)

t

t

[t]

[t̚]

mid

ถ ถุง

tho thung (sack)

th

t

[tʰ]

[t̚]

high

ท ทหาร

tho thahan (soldier)

th

t

[tʰ]

[t̚]

low

ธ ธง

tho thong (flag)

th

t

[tʰ]

[t̚]

low

น หนู

no nu (mouse)

n

n

[n]

[n]

low

บ ใบไม้

bo baimai (leaf)

b

p

[b]

[p̚]

mid

ป ปลา

po pla (fish)

p

p

[p]

[p̚]

mid

ผ ผึ้ง

pho phueng (bee)

ph

[pʰ]

high

ฝ ฝา

fo fa (lid)

f

[f]

high

พ พาน

pho phan (tray)

ph

p

[pʰ]

[p̚]

low

ฟ ฟัน

fo fan (teeth)

f

p

[f]

[p̚]

low

ภ สำเภา

pho sam-phao (sailboat)

ph

p

[pʰ]

[p̚]

low

ม ม้า

mo ma (horse)

m

m

[m]

[m]

low

ย ยักษ์

yo yak (giant)

y

y

[j]

[j]

low

ร เรือ

ro ruea (boat)

r

n

[r]

[n]

low

ล ลิง

lo ling (monkey)

l

n

[l]

[n]

low

ว แหวน

wo waen (ring)

w

w

[w]

[w]

low

ศ ศาลา

so sala (pavilion)

s

t

[s]

[t̚]

high

ษ ฤๅษี

so rue-si (hermit)

s

t

[s]

[t̚]

high

ส เสือ

so suea (tiger)

s

t

[s]

[t̚]

high

ห หีบ

ho hip (chest)

h

[h]

high

ฬ จุฬา

lo chu-la (kite)

l

n

[l]

[n]

low

อ อ่าง

o ang (basin)

*

[ʔ]

mid

ฮ นกฮูก

ho nok-huk (owl)

h

[h]

low